Sacramento is the capital of the State of California
and the county seat of Sacramento County. Located in California's
expansive Central Valley, it is the seventh most populous city
in California. As of 2006, Sacramento had a population of 457,514.
The city is the core cultural and economic center of its five-county
metropolitan area (El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, and
Yolo counties). With a population of 2.2 million, the Sacramento
metropolitan area is the largest in the Central Valley, and is
the fourth-largest in California, behind the Los Angeles-Orange
County area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the San Diego area.
Sacramento was founded in December 1848 by John Sutter.
Sacramento grew from Sutter's Fort, which was established by John
Sutter in 1839. During the gold rush, Sacramento was a major distribution
point, a commercial and agricultural center, and a terminus for
wagon trains, stagecoaches, riverboats, the telegraph, the Pony
Express and the First Transcontinental Railroad.
Typical of California informality, Sacramento is
referred to by many nicknames. The most common names are Capital
City, River City (after the Sacramento River and American River),
and the City of Trees. The nicknames most used by those living
in Sacramento are Sacto, Sactown or Sac.
The area where Sacramento started originally is called Old Sac.
The Big Tomato, Sacratomato, and Sack O' Tomatoes are also used,
despite the ongoing triumph of tract houses over tomato fields,
referring to the perceived pastorality of Sacramento in comparison
with San Francisco and Los Angeles.
California State University, Sacramento, also known
as Sac State, is the local university. It is one of the twenty-three
campuses of the growing California State University system.